Population Characteristics of Spirlin Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch, 1782) in Serbia (Central Balkans): Implications for Conservation

The aim of this study was to evaluate the population characteristics spirlin, Alburnoides bipunctatus, in Serbia, since small fish species is facing a severe decline its abundance and natural habitats Europe. We investigated spirlin dynamics, including size, age structure, growth pattern, mortality, exploitation rate. Additionally, we used Uniform Manifold Approximation Projection approach with Decision Tree algorithm investigate influence different environmental parameters on unveil which factors shape distribution spirlin. results showed that highest values production, abundance, biomass were estimated sites low temperature, optimal pH, well-oxygenated water, even though found them heavily polluted waters extremely high conductivity. Moreover, observed pattern migratory behavior, migrate upstream at higher altitude early summer autumn. Despite putative vulnerability sensitivity populations, our abundant, occurring altered (due pollution, climate change, anthropogenic pressure, etc.).